Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive brain disorder that affects memory, thinking, and behavior. It is the most common form of dementia, and while millions of people live with it worldwide, it’s still widely misunderstood. Whether you’re a caregiver, family member, or simply seeking knowledge, here are 10 frequently asked questions about Alzheimer’s disease. At The Gables we are here to help loved ones understand the disease and aid them in supporting their loved ones.
1. What is Alzheimer’s disease?
Alzheimer’s disease is a degenerative brain disorder that slowly destroys memory, cognitive skills, and the ability to carry out simple tasks. It worsens over time and is the leading cause of dementia in older adults.
2. What are the early signs of Alzheimer’s?
Common early symptoms include:
- Memory loss that disrupts daily life
- Difficulty completing familiar tasks
- Confusion with time or place
- Trouble with vocabulary or word-finding
- Misplacing items and being unable to retrace steps
These changes are more severe than typical age-related forgetfulness.
3. Is Alzheimer’s the same as dementia?
Not exactly. Dementia is a general term for a decline in mental ability severe enough to interfere with daily life. Alzheimer’s disease is a specific type of dementia and the most common cause of it.
4. What causes Alzheimer’s disease?
While the exact cause isn’t fully understood, it’s believed to be linked to a combination of:
- Abnormal protein deposits (amyloid plaques and tau tangles
- Genetics (especially the APOE-e4 gene)
- Age and family history
- Lifestyle and environmental factors
5. Who is most at risk for Alzheimer’s?
The biggest risk factor is age, particularly after 65. Other risk factors include:
- Family history
- Genetics
- Head injuries
- Heart health issues (like high blood pressure or diabetes)
- Poor sleep or sedentary lifestyle
6. Can Alzheimer’s be cured?
Currently, there is no cure for Alzheimer’s. However, some medications may temporarily ease symptoms or slow progression in certain people. Research is ongoing into new treatments, including drugs, lifestyle changes, and early detection strategies.
7. How is Alzheimer’s diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically involves:
- Medical history review
- Cognitive and memory tests
- Neurological exams
- Brain imaging (such as MRI or PET scans)
- Blood tests to rule out other causes
There is no single test for Alzheimer’s, but specialists use a combination of tools to reach a diagnosis.
8. How does Alzheimer’s progress?
Alzheimer’s progresses through several stages:
- Mild (early-stage): Memory loss and mild confusion
- Moderate (middle-stage): Increased confusion, behavioral changes, difficulty with language and daily tasks
- Severe (late-stage): Loss of physical abilities, inability to communicate, and full dependence on caregivers
9. Can lifestyle changes help prevent Alzheimer’s?
While there’s no guaranteed prevention, studies suggest certain habits may reduce risk:
- Regular physical activity
- Healthy, balanced diet (like the Mediterranean diet)
- Mental stimulation (reading, puzzles, learning)
- Social engagement
- Managing heart health and sleep
10. What resources are available for families and caregivers?
There are many support networks and resources available:
- Alzheimer’s Association (alz.org) – support groups, information, 24/7 helpline
- Local memory care communities and adult day programs
- Counseling and respite care services
- Educational materials and caregiver training
